The 'Madcap' tuning for Ukulele, as its name suggests, offers a somewhat unconventional yet exciting sound, departing from the typical ukulele voice. Tuned to A2 D3 G3 D4, this setup is designed for ease of chord playing while delivering a punchier, more resonant low end due to the dropped A string, making it feel less like a traditional ukulele and more versatile for different musical styles.

Technical Analysis

The 'Madcap' tuning establishes the following open string notes for your Ukulele, from the lowest (4th string) to the highest (1st string):

• 4th String: A2
• 3rd String: D3
• 2nd String: G3
• 1st String: D4

Analyzing the intervals between these strings reveals a distinct character:

• The interval from the 4th string (A2) to the 3rd string (D3) is a Perfect 4th (5 semitones).
• The interval from the 3rd string (D3) to the 2nd string (G3) is also a Perfect 4th (5 semitones).
• The interval from the 2nd string (G3) to the 1st string (D4) is a Perfect 5th (7 semitones).

This P4-P4-P5 interval structure creates an open Dsus4 chord (D-G-A) with the lowest A serving as the 5th of D. The repeated D notes on the 3rd and 1st strings, combined with the G and A, lead to a rich, resonant open voicing. Chords such as Dsus4, G major, and A minor/major can become very accessible, often requiring minimal fretting. The open tuning itself rings out as a Dsus4 chord (D-G-A, with an octave D and an A in the bass).

How to Tune

To achieve the 'Madcap' tuning for your Ukulele, follow these specific string adjustments:

• 4th String (A): Keep as is; no change (0 semitones).
• 3rd String (D): Keep as is; no change (0 semitones).
• 2nd String (G): Keep as is; no change (0 semitones).
• 1st String (D): Tune down 2 semitones.

Important Note: When tuning, always exercise caution. If a string needs to be tuned up or down by more than 4 semitones from its standard tuning, it's generally advised to consider using a different gauge string to ensure proper tension and avoid potential string breakage or damage to your instrument. For this 'Madcap' tuning, only the 1st string requires a minor adjustment down, which is well within safe limits.