Oud Tuning Analysis

This tuning, simply named "Oud", is described as the "Classic oud 4ths tuning" for the Oud instrument. It establishes a fundamental and widely recognized tuning for this traditional string instrument, primarily built around intervals of perfect fourths. This consistency across most of the strings lends itself beautifully to the melodic and modal music characteristic of the Middle East and surrounding regions.

Technical Analysis:

The open string notes are B1, E2, A2, D3, G3, C4. Examining the intervals between adjacent strings:

• String 6 (B1) to String 5 (E2): A perfect fourth (5 semitones).
• String 5 (E2) to String 4 (A2): A perfect fourth (5 semitones).
• String 4 (A2) to String 3 (D3): A perfect fourth (5 semitones).
• String 3 (D3) to String 2 (G3): A perfect fourth (5 semitones).
• String 2 (G3) to String 1 (C4): A perfect fourth (5 semitones).

This consistent structure of perfect fourths is ideal for scales, melodic runs, and producing rich, resonant single notes and two-note voicings. While not typically used for strumming complex Western chords like on a guitar, the open notes B-E-A-D-G-C provide a broad harmonic palette. This arrangement is particularly versatile for playing in modes related to C Major / A Minor (which includes all these notes: C, D, E, G, A, B) or G Major / E Minor, making it suitable for a vast array of traditional compositions.

Open String Chords and Reachable Voicings:

Due to the predominant perfect fourths intervals, typical open strummed chords (like C major or G major on a guitar) are not readily formed by the open strings alone. However, this tuning excels in:

• Melodic Playing: The consistent interval allows for easy transposition of melodic patterns across different strings.
• Drones and Octaves: The structure facilitates playing drones on lower strings while melodies unfold on higher strings, and finding octaves is intuitive.
• Two-Note Voicings: Perfect fourths played on adjacent strings create strong, clear harmonies. Minor 2nd and major 2nd intervals can be easily fretted by moving up or down one or two frets.
• Modal Exploration: The open strings encompass a wide range of notes, allowing for easy exploration of various maqams (Arabic musical modes) or scales.

How to Tune:

This tuning involves significant detuning for all strings from a higher reference pitch. Please exercise caution and consider adjusting string gauges if these movements are far from your current setup.

• String 6 (B1): Tune down 5 semitones. This is a substantial drop in tension; a heavier gauge string might be beneficial for optimal tone and playability.
• String 5 (E2): Tune down 5 semitones. Similar to string 6, consider a heavier gauge for best results.
• String 4 (A2): Tune down 5 semitones. Again, a different string gauge may be advised due to the significant tension reduction.
• String 3 (D3): Tune down 5 semitones. This also warrants consideration of a heavier string gauge.
• String 2 (G3): Tune down 4 semitones. This is a notable drop, and a heavier gauge string might improve feel and tone.
• String 1 (C4): Tune down 4 semitones. As with string 2, a heavier gauge string is recommended for optimal performance with this amount of detuning.

String 6: B1

String 5: E2

String 4: A2

String 3: D3

String 2: G3

String 1: C4