Verbal and Technical Analysis: DADFA#C#

This unique tuning, specified as "for Laura Marling's 'Held Down'", establishes a distinct and evocative sonic landscape. The open strings are tuned to D2 A2 D3 F3 A4# C5#.

Technically, when strummed open, this tuning presents a complex and rich voicing. With D as the implied root, the notes across the strings are D, A, D, F, A#, and C#. Considering the intervals from the lowest D: we have A (perfect 5th), D (octave), F (minor 3rd), A# (which is enharmonically Bb, functioning as an augmented 5th or minor 6th), and C# (major 7th). This combination forms a sophisticated D minor (major 7th) chord with an augmented 5th (Dm(maj7 #5)), or a D minor (major 7th) with a flat 6th (Dm(maj7 b6)). The presence of both a minor third (F) and a major seventh (C#) creates a sophisticated, melancholic, yet somewhat ethereal quality. The A# further adds tension and intrigue, preventing the tuning from settling into a simple major or minor tonality and contributing to a sense of ambiguity and depth.

The lowest three strings (D-A-D) establish a powerful, resonant drone, characteristic of many open and drop tunings, making it easy to play strong power chords by simply barring the lower strings. However, due to the altered intervals on the higher strings (F, A#, C#), standard chord shapes will yield unexpected and often dissonant or jazzy voicings, encouraging exploration of new melodic and harmonic ideas. This tuning is not designed for conventional chord progressions but rather for specific harmonic textures and intricate fingerpicking patterns that leverage its unique open sonorities. The open D-A-D also provides a solid foundation for intricate arpeggios and drone effects.

How to Tune (from Standard E-A-D-G-B-e):

• 6th String (Low E): Tune down 2 semitones to D2. This is a common Drop D adjustment and is within the recommended range for standard strings.
• 5th String (A): Keep as is; no change (0 semitones) at A2.
• 4th String (D): Keep as is; no change (0 semitones) at D3.
• 3rd String (G): Tune down 2 semitones to F3. This is a significant drop but is generally safe for standard gauge strings.
• 2nd String (B): Tune down 1 semitone to A#3 (or Bb3). This is a minor adjustment and well within safe limits.
• 1st String (High E): Tune down 3 semitones to C#4. This is a substantial drop but remains within the safe limits for standard gauge strings.

Note: All string adjustments are within a range that should be safe for standard gauge strings (i.e., less than 4 semitones up or down). However, always tune carefully and consider a different gauge if frequent, large tuning changes are made or if you encounter any difficulty.